Criticism is judging the merits and demerits of something and showing its weaknesses and strengths. Textbook evaluation, as a small step in learning and teaching process, can help teachers and learners find books that suit their needs and likes. In the present article, the book ‘ Educational PSYCHOLOGY’ (the 13th global edition) authored by Anita Woolfolk (2016) is reviewed and evaluated. This is a qualitative evaluation based on the writer’ s experience in teaching this source in postgraduate classes for several years. To do so, the formal characteristics and the content of the book and the degree of its success in fulfilling the objectives, which are mentioned in the introduction of the book, are examined. Although this book, like any other book, is not flawless, it can surely be recommended to those who are interested in the learning-teaching process. It is hoped that, via this article, this book would be read and used by more people in the scientific community of Iran.

In language didactics, the AUTHENTICITY concept increases with the communication approach. This one insists not only on authentic documents insertion beside teaching documents in language classes,  but also on the authentic exploitation of those documents and even on authentic use of the target language.Rich in form and information, the use of the authentic documents, requires a teaching planning and a didactic method according to the concerned public. Exactly from the elementary levels, the teaching tasks conceived to approach these documents, will permit learners to undertake many activities, which will prepare them to face the reality of the language.This achieving within teams, acquires on one hand a sense of security for each team member improving the result, and on the other hand involves interactions in target language. An authentic use of the language, which will replace use of artificial dialogues for an imaginary situation, is a remained audio-visual heritage in our communicative practices.

Particular views have been proposed on soul's powers and their functions when analyzing and criticizingpure intellect, especially in transcendental inference.The existence of particular elements and method of PSYCHOLOGY in thefirst critiquehas led some Kantian scholars to discuss transcendental PSYCHOLOGY and its validity and significance. The transcendental PSYCHOLOGY ofcritique is neither the AUTHENTICITY of PSYCHOLOGY nor apparently intellectual PSYCHOLOGY and applied logic. Rather, it discusses prior elements and components of cognition which are rooted in human soul. However, we cannot deny the existence of important common features between transcendental PSYCHOLOGY, discursive PSYCHOLOGY and epistemology. Since transcendental PSYCHOLOGY discusses soul's powers involved in acquiring knowledge, it also discusses kinds of ideas and the doctrine of self-understanding. The present paper tries to introduce and evaluate Kant's transcendental PSYCHOLOGY.

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

In this paper, the author first gives a definition of Sahaba (Companions of the holy Prophet) then deals with the starting point of this discussion among Sunnis and Shi`a. He views the Sunni’s three approaches to this issue and makes a comparison between Sunni’s mostly accepted approach and Shi`a’s and also an outline of their differences in this regard. He then investigates the views of Sunni and Shi`a concerning Justice of the Companions.Consequently, related issues such as strength and weakness of marfu` and mawquf hadiths are discussed and similarities and differences between two views displayed and finally their views on the AUTHENTICITY of sayings of the companions of the holy Prophet are analyzed.

One of the most frequent rules in various areas of demonstrative jurisprudence of Two Major Sects of Islam religion is a rule that is known among Shīʿa as “tolerance in the evidence of traditions” (Arabic: التسامح فی أدلّة السنن) and in Sunnī as “latitudinarianism in documents” (Arabic: التساهل فی أسانید). Believers in the general application of this rule have based it for reasons such as consensus (Arabic: إجماع), tradition famous through practice (Arabic: الشهرة العملیّة), and rational judgement (intellectual judgement) and a group of aḥādīth (Arabic: أحادیث, plural form for ḥadīth, literally “talk” or “discourse”) called “Akhbar-e- Man Balagh” (Arabic: أخبار من بلغ). The understanding of the aforementioned narrations and the extent of application of this rule has caused a conflict of opinions among scholars. The narrations containing the excellences of suras of the Holy Book of Quran is one of the fields of application of the rule of tolerance. The present research has explained the types of exposure to this group of narrations based on the rule of tolerance by using descriptive-exploratory method and using library sources and seeks to find a suitable approach about narrations of the excellences of suras (chapters) of the Holy Book of Quran. The interaction with these narrations is organized based on a special reading of the rule of tolerance in the selected approach, which is based on a rational interpretation of the contents of Man-Balagh (Arabic: من بلغ)’s narrations and is compatible with the indications of some verses and traditions. The use of weak narrations containing the excellences of suras (chapters) will be permissible based on this approach considering three conditions and without any certainty of attributing these narrations to Sharʿ (Islamic rules).

How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its AUTHENTICITY from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the employment competencies of educational graduates from the perspective of view of employers. This research was applied in terms of purpose and was among the qualitative researches of Grounded Theory type. The participants of this research included 24 employers in the field of educational (interviewers for the Education recruitment exam, directors of non-state educational institutes, directors and recruitment officers of non-state schools, directors of kindergartens and preschools) in Birjand city. Data were collected using semi-structured interview and analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method and using MAXQDA-2020 software. In order to validate the research, two methods of member control and peer review or feedback were used. Consecutive review and comparison of data resulted in the extraction of 28 categories and 6 themes. Data analysis led to the formation of a sub-theory. The model shows that the focal variable is the process of education and teaching skills. The focal variable, under the influence of contextual and intermediate conditions, leads to the formation of the strategies of "being a lifelong learner", "research skills", "planning skills", "classroom skills and classroom management", "purposefulness" and "problem solving skills". became Finally, "increasing employability" was the consequence of this process.

The main points of the present paper are as follows: 1. every exegetical statement requires conclusive evidence or reliable evidence based on irrefutable one, 2. hadiths possessing common-sense evidence and rationally reliable hadiths which are utilized as evidence both practically and exegetically, 3. unreliable hadiths are used as evidence only for practical aspects of the Holy Quran's verses, 4. although both groups of hadiths should be accepted as reliable by religious law but the secret of this classification is found on three points: a) defining tafsir and its real nature, b) existence of indication for real evidence in rationally reliable hadiths, c) lack of the criteria for such an indication in obligatory developed hadith, 6. classification of statements into scientific and practical is not acceptable regarding the AUTHENTICITY of rational hadiths but reliability of their issuance is subject to their importance and significance, 7. studying the advantages of unreliable exegetical hadiths, 8. incompatibility of exegetical haiths with the holy Quran and sunna.

After the immigration of Muslims to Medina, Ansar assisted Muhajirun and the problem of the latter’s settlement was solved in a very short time due to some arrangement made by the Prophet. But their peaceful life with polytheists and Jews was in need of more fundamental plans which were actualized through conclusion of general treaty of Medina. While researchers have spoken a lot concerning that treaty, some orientalists have doubted its AUTHENTICITY. Having investigated the AUTHENTICITY of the chain of transmitters of the treaty, the present essay searches into it through perspectives of outstanding historians, hadith narrators, and orientalists and thereby concludes that the treaty had in fact included two agreements: (a) General treaty of Madina between the prophet and Muslims on the one hand and polytheists and merely Jews allied with Aws and Khazraj on the other, and (b) treaty of the Prophet with three main tribes of Jews of Medina i.e. Banu Qaynaqa', Banu Nadir, and Banu Quraydha called “agreement of Jews” – both being concluded at the beginning days of entrance of the Prophet to Medina. It seems that the application of the term Jews in a general way in the first treaty has caused the confusion and insertion of the second one into it.